Ancient Visions: The Rock Art of Southern Africa

Scattered across the mountains and caves of Southern Africa, thousands of rock paintings and engravings tell the story of the San people – among the oldest continuous cultures on Earth. These artworks, some dating back over 20,000 years, represent far more than simple depictions of daily life.

More Than Hunting Scenes

Early European observers interpreted San rock art as straightforward hunting narratives. Modern research, particularly by the South African Rock Art Digital Archive, reveals deeper meanings. Many images depict shamanic experiences, spiritual journeys, and the complex cosmology of San belief systems.

The Drakensberg Gallery

South Africa's uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park contains the largest concentration of San rock art, with over 35,000 individual images across hundreds of sites. Game Pass Shelter alone features more than 1,500 painted figures, including the famous 'Rosetta Stone' panel that helped researchers decode San symbolism.

Threatened Heritage

Despite their cultural significance, many rock art sites face threats from weathering, vandalism, and development. Conservation efforts involve careful documentation, community engagement, and protective measures at the most vulnerable locations.

Living Connection

While the San no longer create rock art, their descendants maintain oral traditions that illuminate the paintings' meanings. This living connection between past and present makes Southern African rock art not just an archaeological resource but a continuing cultural heritage.